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Kinds of sacrifice: burnt offerings (1:1-17), grain offerings (2:1-16), peace Opening chapters of Leviticus (1-7) prescribe detailed protocol for five such major Others describe secondary sacrifices associated with the primary categories. General, while others describe primary categories of sacrifice, while still Sacrifice highlight a variety of nuances, some of which refer to sacrifice in Special, voluntary contribution to a person, deity, or cause in worship.” Īltogether, “the words offering and sacrifice appear over ninety times” throughout Leviticus. Was an “a gift to deity of a general kind.” שֶׁלֶם was a “fellowship offering for alliance or friendship in fulfillment of of worship,Įxpiation or propitiation to a deity.” חַטָּאת was a “sin offering.” מִנְחָה was a “gift offered to God as a religiousĪctivity, whether grain, fruits, animal or other offerings.” נֶסֶךְ was a “an offering of a valuable or sacred liquid to a deity.” עֹלָה was a “burnt offering of the entire part of a sacrifice that was clean אִשֶּׁה was “an offering made by fire.” אָשָׁם was a “guilt offering, an atoning sacrifice.” זֶבַח was a “an offering killed and presented as an act. Leviticus uses at least ten different words to portray ritual This study will survey this amplified approach within Leviticus (1) by tracing the various types of sacrifice mentioned, (2) by highlighting special considerations regarding these sacrifices, and (3) by explaining the purpose and significance of these sacrifices. As such, Leviticus provided the nation of Israel with an amplified, nationwide approach to ritual sacrifice that allowed them to fellowship with a holy God. Despite these noteworthy instances, no codified, systematic approach to ritual sacrifice emerged until Moses wrote Leviticus. Most importantly, sacrifice featured prominently in the Passover observance (Exo 12:27 13:15), and Jethro (Moses’ father-in-law) offered a sacrifice after God delivered Israel from Egypt (Exo 18:12). Centuries later, Moses’ repeated request for Israel to sacrifice to the Lord served as the impetus for the Exodus (Exo 3:18 5:3, 8, 17 8:8, 25-29 10:25). The patriarchs Abraham (Gen 22:2-3, 6-8, 13) and Jacob offered sacrifices (Gen 31:54 46:1), and so did Job (Job 1:5 42:8). Nine generations later, Noah offered a sacrifice after the Flood (Gen 8:20). We read first about Abel, son of Adam, offering a sacrifice to God (Gen 4:4).
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The practice of ritual sacrifice predates the wilderness wanderings and the writing of Leviticus.